1 Top Management and Board of Directors; 2 Top shareholders; 3 Peer Comparison & Ranking of UNI; 4 Currency Synopsis: Australian Dollar (AUD)
Top Management and Board of Directors
Top Management Top Management [Five top executives with tenure < 4 yrs]
Name | Designation | Since Appointment | Ethan Orsini | Chief Financial Officer, Joint Company Secretary | 1 Yr, 2 Mos | Clare Therese Craven | Joint Company Secretary | 3 Yrs, 1 Mo | Alice Barbery | Chief Executive Officer, Director | - | Peter Birtles | Chairman, Director | - | Renee Jones | Executive Director | - |
Board Of Directors Board Of Directors [Four directors with tenure < 4 yrs]
Name | Designation | Since Appointment | Renee Gamble | Non-Executive Director | 3 Yrs, 6 Mos | Kaylene Gaffney | Director | - | David MacLean | Director | - | Trent Peterson | Director | - |
Resignations in the past 4 years
Name | Designation | Date of Resignation | Renee Jones | Company Secretary | 30 August 2024 | Srdjan Dangubic | Director | 01 December 2021 | Edward MacDonald | Chief Financial Officer, Company Secretary | 19 April 2021 |
Top shareholders Top 20 shareholders
Name of the Share Holder | Number Of Shares | % of Capital | Citicorp Nominees Pty Limited | 21759279 | 29.7 | HSBC Custody Nominees (Australia] Limited | 11553505 | 15.8 | National Nominees Limited | 11250115 | 15.4 | J P Morgan Nominees Australia Pty Limited | 7653389 | 10.5 | Rayra Pty Ltd | 3100000 | 4.2 | Hoang George Minh Do | 2230924 | 3.0 | Dorothy Alice Barbery | 2162897 | 3.0 | BNP Paribas Noms Pty Ltd | 1635178 | 2.2 | BNP Paribas Nominees Pty Ltd | 1591128 | 2.2 | Catalyst Direct Capital | 1200000 | 1.6 | James Cameron | 982096 | 1.3 | David Maclean | 650000 | 0.9 | Renee Jones | 583333 | 0.8 | Stephen Harris & Monique Harris | 540532 | 0.7 | Flocolo 1 Pty Ltd | 252500 | 0.3 | BNP Paribas Nominees Pty Ltd Hub24 Custodial Serv Ltd | 203559 | 0.3 | Peter Birtles | 200000 | 0.3 | Morgan Hendry | 116667 | 0.2 | Bond Street Custodians Limited | 92113 | 0.1 | Grant Bryce Bourke | 78340 | 0.1 | % held by Top 20 shareholders 92.6%
Peer Comparison & Ranking of UNI PEER COMPARISON: UNI IN INDICES
Universal Store Holdings is a constituent of the following indices.
Its market capitalisation is $383 million and accounts for 0.3% of the combined MCap of the S&P/ASX 200 Consumer Discretionary Index.
Index Name | MCap of Index ($ b) | UNI MCap as % of Index | S&P/ASX 200 Consumer Discretionary Index | 146 | 0.3 | All Ordinaries Index | 1,957 | 0.02 |
BUYSELLSIGNALS FUNDAMENTALS VALUATION RANKING: Universal Store Holdings vs Australian Market
Out of 1,546 stocks in the Australian Market, Universal Store Holdings is ranked Fifty-fourth(54) by P/Earnings/ Growth, Eighty-eighth(88) by Yield, Ninety-third(93) by ROE and Ninety-eighth(98) by ROA.
| Australian Avg | UNI | UNI Rank | P/Earnings/ Growth | 4.7x | 0.4x | 54 | Yield (%) | 3.3 | 5.4 | 88 | ROE (%) | 3.8 | 22.5 | 93 | ROA (%) | 0.8 | 12.3 | 98 | Free Cash Flow | (706.8 M) | 39.9 M | 105 | P/Earnings | - | 16.9x | 219 | Net Profit $ | 20.2 M | 22.5 M | 252 | Market Cap $ | 1.4 B | 382.6 M | 293 | Revenue $ | 535.9 M | 189.1 M | 294 | EBITDA Margin% | 4.4 | 4.4 | 318 | Total Debt/Equity (the lower the better) | 0.8x | 0.5x | 896 | Premium to 52-Wk Low (%) | 18.8 | 67.7 | 1107 | Discount to 52-Wk High (%) | 1.6 | 18.7 | 1167 | Negative values are shown in brackets. Stock in Index and Stock in Sector
Description | UNI | All Ordinaries Index | % of All Ordinaries Index | Retailing sector | % of Retailing sector | Net Profit $ | 22.5 M | 64.6 B | 0.03 | 1.5 B | 1.5 | Revenue $ | 189.1 M | 679.3 B | 0.03 | 71.5 B | 0.3 | Total Assets $ | 182.9 M | 4,676.5 B | 0.004 | 53.9 B | 0.3 | MCap $ | 382.6 M | 1,957.5 B | 0.02 | 101.7 B | 0.4 |
Relative Valuation Indicators: Stock vs Index and Stock vs Sector
Description | UNI | All Ordinaries Index Avg. | Retailing sector Avg. | Price/Earnings | 16.9 | 27.0 | 69.0 | P/Earnings/Growth | 0.42 | -1.44 | - | Yield (%) | 5.39 | 3.46 | 2.72 | Price/Net Tangible Assets | -13.32 | 3.88 | -130.23 | Total Debt/Equity (the lower the better) | 0.5x | 0.88x | 1.12x |
MARKET SHARE Universal Store Holdings vs Retailing sector [Retailing sector Total in Brackets] Net Profit of $A34.3 million [1.5% of aggregate sector net profit of $A2.2 billion; down from 2.0% in the previous year.]
GLOBAL RANK [out of 45,793 stocks] AND RANK OF UNIVERSAL STORE HOLDINGS IN THE ASIA PACIFIC REGION [out of 1,826 stocks]
Description | Value | Global Rank | In APAC Region | MCap ($) | 382.6M | 15,306 | 325 | Total Assets ($) | 181.2M | 21,771 | 438 | Revenue ($) | 187.3M | 16,120 | 315 | Net Profit ($) | 22.3M | 11,973 | 236 | Return on Equity % | 22.5 | 3,373 | 94 | Net Profit Margin % | 11.9 | 10,340 | 240 | Price/Earnings | 18.1 | 13,088 | 312 | Yield % | 2.0 | 12,511 | 296 | PV1000 (1Year) $* | 1,687 | 5,834 | 256 | $* Change (1Year) % | 68.5 | 3,372 | 169 |
* 1 year ago AUD 1 = $ 0.66 Jun 27, 2025: AUD 1 equals $ 0.66
RANK OF UNIVERSAL STORE HOLDINGS IN THE ALL ORDINARIES INDEX [out of 304 stocks], IN THE AUSTRALIAN MARKET [out of 1655 stocks] AND IN THE RETAILING SECTOR [out of 43 stocks]
Description | Value | In All Ordinaries Index | In Australian Market | In Retailing sector | MCap ($A) | 583.8M | 221 | 284 | 17 | Total Assets ($A) | 279.1M | 247 | 387 | 27 | Revenue ($A) | 288.5M | 193 | 278 | 32 | Net Profit ($A) | 34.3M | 165 | 214 | 14 | Return on Equity % | 22.5 | 29 | 87 | 9 | Net Profit Margin % | 11.9 | 104 | 220 | 5 | Price/Earnings | 16.9 | 83 | 269 | 18 | Yield % | 5.4 | 36 | 97 | 7 | PV1000 (1Year) AUD | 1,711 | 30 | 225 | 6 |
LONG-TERM FUNDAMENTAL RANKING: 3 OUT OF 5 [5 is best] Universal Store Holdings is ranked number 17 out of 50 listed retailer in the Australia with a market capitalization of $A583.8 million. In the retailer it has the 27th highest total assets and 31st highest revenues. Within its sector it has a relatively moderate P/E of 16.9.
It has a strong relative ROE of 22.5% and ROA of 12.3%. The company paid a dividend of 22.0c in the last twelve months. The dividend yield is high at 5.4%. Finally, its earnings growth in the past 12 months has been a comparatively high 40.6%. Stocks are scored on a set of parameters reflecting fundamental analytical tools involving valuation, size and financial performance. They are ranked according to the average values of those parameters. The highest ranking is 5 and the lowest ranking is 1.
Currency Synopsis: Australian Dollar (AUD) % Change of AUD vs Currency Basket Period-Based In the past year the Australian Dollar fell 2.4% against the US Dollars; in the past three years the Australian Dollar fell 5.4% against the US Dollars.
Last | Country | 1-day % | 1-week % | 1-Year % | 3-Yrs % | AUD1=0.653USD | United States Of America | 0.6 | 1.0 | -2.4 | -5.4 | AUD1=4.677CNY | China | 0.5 | 0.6 | -3.7 | 1.1 | AUD1=94.407JPY | Japan | 0.4 | 0.6 | -11.6 | 1.5 | AUD1=0.559EUR | European Union | -0.1 | -1.0 | -10.5 | -14.8 | AUD1=885.573KRW | South Korea | 0.7 | -0.7 | -4.7 | -1.2 | AUD1=0.833SGD | Singapore | 0.2 | - | -8.1 | -13.2 | AUD1=1.079NZD | New Zealand | -0.1 | -0.3 | -1.2 | -1.6 | AUD1=0.476GBP | United Kingdom | -0.1 | -1.4 | -9.7 | -15.4 | AUD1=5.124HKD | Hong Kong | 0.6 | 0.9 | -1.9 | -5.5 | AUD1=0.524CHF | Switzerland | 0.3 | -1.1 | -12.4 | -21.0 | AUD1=0.895CAD | Canada | 0.5 | 0.9 | -2.0 | -0.2 | AUD1=6.177SEK | Sweden | -0.1 | -1.3 | -12.1 | -11.9 | AUD1=6.597NOK | Norway | 0.3 | 2.0 | -7.0 | -3.9 | AUD1=12.336MXN | Mexico | - | 0.1 | 1.9 | -10.7 |
1 Dividend; 2 Financials as Reported H1/2024, FY 2024, Past 5 Years
Dividend Dividend History In the past 5 years annual dividends have increased by 36.0c from 5.0c to 41.0c. Based on a start date of 5 years ago, there has been no decline in dividends over the last 5 years.
Date Paid | Value (c) | Type | 06 Mar 2025 | 22 | Interim | 04 Sep 2024 | 19 | Final | Tr 12 Months | 41 | | 2023 - 2024 | 24.5 | | 2022 - 2023 | 24.5 | | 2021 - 2022 | 21.5 | | 2020 - 2021 | 5 | |
Financials as Reported H1/2024, FY 2024, Past 5 Years Financials as reported (Half Year)
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS AND FINANCIAL CONDITION (In $A Thousand, except per share data and shares outstanding)
INCOME STATEMENT AS REPORTED
Description | $A Thousand | $A Thousand | | Dec 31 | 2024 | 2023 | Change % | Revenue from contracts with customers | 183,503 | 158,001 | Up 16.1 | Raw materials and consumables used | -72,313 | -63,660 | Deterioration 13.6 | | 111,190 | 94,341 | Up 17.9 | Other income | 1,717 | 699 | Up 145.6 | Other gains | 14 | 13 | Up 7.7 | Employee benefits expenses | -41,487 | -33,436 | Deterioration 24.1 | Occupancy expenses | -3,636 | -3,349 | Deterioration 8.6 | Depreciation and amortisation expense | -19,021 | -17,297 | Deterioration 10.0 | Impairment of CTC goodwill | -13,600 | | | Marketing expenses | -5,312 | -4,427 | Deterioration 20.0 | Banking and transaction fees | -21 | -19 | Deterioration 10.5 | Other expenses | -6,285 | -5,054 | Deterioration 24.4 | Finance costs | -2,659 | -2,453 | Deterioration 8.4 | Finance income | 595 | 440 | Up 35.2 | Profit before income tax | 21,495 | 29,458 | Down 27.0 | Income tax expense | -10,204 | -8,720 | Deterioration 17.0 | Profit attributable to owners of Universal Store Holdings Limited | 11,291 | 20,738 | Down 45.6 | Gains on cash flow hedges | 619 | | | Other comprehensive income for the period net of tax | 619 | | | Total comprehensive income for the period is attributable to: | | | | Owners of Universal Store Holdings Limited | 11,910 | 20,738 | Down 42.6 | Basic earnings per share (cents) | 15.0c | 27.0c | Down 44.4 | Diluted earnings per share (cents) | 15.0c | 27.0c | Down 44.4 | NO OF SHARES | 76,658,120 | 76,491,571 | Up 0.2 |
BALANCE SHEET AS REPORTED
Description | $A Thousand | $A Thousand | | | Dec 31, 2024 | Jun 30, 2024 | Change % | Assets | | | | Current assets | | | | Cash and cash equivalents | 37,652 | 29,267 | Up 28.7 | Trade receivables | 1,945 | 1,549 | Up 25.6 | Other receivables | 5,008 | 4,208 | Up 19.0 | Inventories | 28,475 | 29,895 | Down 4.7 | Other financial assets | 884 | | | Total current assets | 73,964 | 64,919 | Up 13.9 | Non-current assets | | | | Plant and equipment | 19,851 | 17,937 | Up 10.7 | Right-of-use assets | 61,434 | 56,098 | Up 9.5 | Goodwill and intangible assets | 126,543 | 140,141 | Down 9.7 | Total non-current assets | 207,828 | 214,176 | Down 3.0 | Total assets | 281,792 | 279,095 | Up 1.0 | Liabilities | | | | Current liabilities | | | | Trade and other payables | 35,816 | 25,175 | Up 42.3 | Lease liabilities | 23,662 | 20,698 | Up 14.3 | Contract liabilities | 3,963 | 1,846 | Up 114.7 | Provisions | 2,769 | 2,384 | Up 16.1 | Current tax liabilities | 6,847 | 3,487 | Up 96.4 | Other financial liabilities | | 14 | | Total current liabilities | 73,057 | 53,604 | Up 36.3 | Non-current liabilities | | | | Borrowings | | 14,936 | | Lease liabilities | 43,785 | 40,572 | Up 7.9 | Provisions | 1,293 | 1,093 | Up 18.3 | Other payables | | 2,906 | | Deferred tax liabilities | 12,752 | 13,584 | Down 6.1 | Total non-current liabilities | 57,830 | 73,091 | Down 20.9 | Total liabilities | 130,887 | 126,695 | Up 3.3 | Net assets | 150,905 | 152,400 | Down 1.0 | Equity | | | | Contributed equity | 110,844 | 110,844 | Steady | Reserves | 11,292 | 9,501 | Up 18.9 | Retained earnings | 28,769 | 32,055 | Down 10.3 | Total equity | 150,905 | 152,400 | Down 1.0 |
CASH FLOW AS REPORTED
Description | $A Thousand | $A Thousand | | Dec 31 | 2024 | 2023 | Change % | Operating activities | | | | Receipts from customers | 205,126 | 173,102 | Up 18.5 | Payments to suppliers and employees | -135,209 | -118,553 | Deterioration 14.0 | Interest received | 595 | 440 | Up 35.2 | Interest paid | -2,651 | -2,418 | Deterioration 9.6 | Income taxes paid | -7,942 | -4,440 | Deterioration 78.9 | Net cash flows from operating activities | 59,919 | 48,131 | Up 24.5 | Investing activities | | | | Purchase of plant and equipment | -4,948 | -4,315 | Deterioration 14.7 | Purchase of intangible assets | -284 | -54 | Deterioration 425.9 | Proceeds from sale of plant and equipment | 182 | 1,084 | Down 83.2 | Payment of contingent consideration associated with acquisition of CTC | -2,629 | -3,043 | Improved 13.6 | Net cash flows used in investing activities | -7,679 | -6,328 | Deterioration 21.3 | Financing activities | | | | Payment of principle portion of lease liabilities | -15,555 | -14,898 | Deterioration 4.4 | Lease incentives received in cash | 570 | 80 | Up 612.5 | Repayment of borrowings | -15,000 | | | Upfront finance charge of borrowings | -5 | | | Dividends paid to the equity holders of the Parent | -14,577 | -6,138 | Deterioration 137.5 | Proceeds from MEP loan repayments | 712 | 46 | Up 1,447.8 | Net cash flows used in financing activities | -43,855 | -20,910 | Deterioration 109.7 | Net increase in cash and cash equivalents | 8,385 | 20,893 | Down 59.9 | Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of the half-year | 29,267 | 21,444 | Up 36.5 | Cash and cash equivalents at 31 December | 37,652 | 42,337 | Down 11.1 |
Financials as reported (FY 2024 [year-ended 30 June 2024 ])
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS AND FINANCIAL CONDITION (In $A Thousand, except per share data and shares outstanding)
INCOME STATEMENT AS REPORTED (FY 2024 [year-ended 30 June 2024 ])
Description | $A Thousand | $A Thousand | | Jun 30 | 2024 | 2023 | Change % | Revenue from contracts with customers | 288,523 | 263,052 | Up 9.7 | Raw materials and consumables used | -114,998 | -107,721 | Deterioration 6.8 | | 173,525 | 155,331 | Up 11.7 | Other income/(loss) | 4,292 | -535 | Recovery | Other gain/Ooss) | -18 | | | Employee benefits expenses | -66,737 | -60,827 | Deterioration 9.7 | Occupancy expenses | -6,259 | -6,326 | Improved 1.1 | Depreciation amortisation and impairment expense | -34,862 | -30,389 | Deterioration 14.7 | Transaction costs associated with acquisition of CTC | | -1,806 | | Marketing expenses | -8,414 | -8,232 | Deterioration 2.2 | Banking and transaction fees | -38 | -35 | Deterioration 8.6 | Other expenses | -10,296 | -9,145 | Deterioration 12.6 | Finance costs | -4,924 | -4,023 | Deterioration 22.4 | Finance income | 1,171 | 639 | Up 83.3 | Profit before income tax | 47,440 | 34,652 | Up 36.9 | Income tax expense | -13,104 | -11,081 | Deterioration 18.3 | Profit for the period | 34,336 | 23,571 | Up 45.7 | Profit for the year is attributable to: | | | | Owners of Universal Store Holdings Limited | 34,336 | 23,571 | Up 45.7 | Other comprehensive income | | | | Total comprehensive income for the period | 34,336 | 23,571 | Up 45.7 | Total comprehensive income for the period is attributable to: | | | | Owners of Universal Store Holdings Limited | 34,336 | 23,571 | Up 45.7 | | 34,336 | 23,571 | Up 45.7 | Earnings per share | | | | Basic earnings per share (cents]* | 45.0c | 32.0c | Up 40.6 | Diluted earnings per share (cents]* | 45.0c | 31.0c | Up 45.2 | NO OF SHARES | 76,527,257 | 75,076,151 | Up 1.9 |
BALANCE SHEET AS REPORTED (FY 2024 [year-ended 30 June 2024 ])
Description | $A Thousand | $A Thousand | | Jun 30 | 2024 | 2023 | Change % | Assets | | | | Current assets | | | | Cash and cash equivalents | 29,267 | 21,444 | Up 36.5 | Trade receivables | 1,549 | 1,896 | Down 18.3 | Other receivables | 4,208 | 3,016 | Up 39.5 | Inventories | 29,895 | 25,980 | Up 15.1 | Current tax assets | | 717 | | Total current assets | 64,919 | 53,053 | Up 22.4 | Non-current assets | | | | Plant and equipment | 17,937 | 16,061 | Up 11.7 | Right-of-use assets | 56,098 | 57,370 | Down 2.2 | Goodwill and intangible assets | 140,141 | 140,395 | Down 0.2 | Total non-current assets | 214,176 | 213,826 | Up 0.2 | Total assets | 279,095 | 266,879 | Up 4.6 | Liabilities | | | | Current liabilities | | | | Trade and other payables | 25,175 | 24,602 | Up 2.3 | Lease liabilities | 20,698 | 21,114 | Down 2.0 | Contract liabilities | 1,846 | 1,568 | Up 17.7 | Provisions | 2,384 | 2,181 | Up 9.3 | Current tax liabilities | 3,487 | | | Other financial liabilities | 14 | | | Total current liabilities | 53,604 | 49,465 | Up 8.4 | Non-current liabilities | | | | Borrowings | 14,936 | 14,879 | Up 0.4 | Lease liabilities | 40,572 | 42,396 | Down 4.3 | Provisions | 1,093 | 1,071 | Up 2.1 | Other payables | 2,906 | 9,634 | Down 69.8 | Deferred tax liabilities | 13,584 | 12,991 | Up 4.6 | Total non-current liabilities | 73,091 | 80,971 | Down 9.7 | Total liabilities | 126,695 | 130,436 | Down 2.9 | Net assets | 152,400 | 136,443 | Up 11.7 | Equity | | | | Contributed equity | 110,844 | 110,844 | Steady | Share-based payment reserve | 9,501 | 9,083 | Up 4.6 | Retained earnings | 32,055 | 16,516 | Up 94.1 | Total equity | 152,400 | 136,443 | Up 11.7 |
CASH FLOW AS REPORTED (FY 2024 [year-ended 30 June 2024 ])
Description | $A Thousand | $A Thousand | | Jun 30 | 2024 | 2023 | Change % | Operating activities | | | | Receipts from customers (inclusive of GST) | 317,661 | 293,205 | Up 8.3 | Payments to suppliers and employees (inclusive of GST) | -238,160 | -222,728 | Deterioration 6.9 | Transaction costs associated with acquisition of CTC | | -1,806 | | Interest received | 1,171 | 639 | Up 83.3 | Interest paid | -4,860 | -3,842 | Deterioration 26.5 | Income taxes paid | -8,306 | -10,943 | Improved 24.1 | Net cash flows from operating activities | 67,506 | 54,525 | Up 23.8 | Investing activities | | | | Payment for acquisition of subsidiary net of cash acquired | | -16,526 | | Payment of deferred variable consideration associated with acquisition of CTC | -3,043 | | | Proceeds from sale of plant and equipment | 1,264 | 621 | Up 103.5 | Purchase of plant and equipment | -8,559 | -9,871 | Improved 13.3 | Purchase of intangible assets | -210 | -355 | Improved 40.8 | Net cash flows used in investing activities | -10,548 | -26,131 | Improved 59.6 | Financing activities | | | | Payment of principle portion of lease liabilities | -30,478 | -28,424 | Deterioration 7.2 | Lease incentives received in cash | 94 | 645 | Down 85.4 | Upfront finance charge of borrowings | | -125 | | Dividends paid to the equity holders of the Parent | -18,797 | -18,426 | Deterioration 2.0 | Proceeds from MEP loan repayments | 46 | 612 | Down 92.5 | Net cash used in financing activities | -49,135 | -45,718 | Deterioration 7.5 | Net increase/(decrease) in cash and cash equivalents | 7,823 | -17,324 | Recovery | Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of the financial year | 21,444 | 38,768 | Down 44.7 | Cash and cash equivalents at end of the period | 29,267 | 21,444 | Up 36.5 |
Download UNIVERSAL STORE HOLDINGS Financials Past 5 Years
Description (June 30) | 2024 | 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | Income Statement | | | | | | Revenue per share | 3.77 | 3.5 | 2.92 | 3.44 | 1.53 | EBITDA (M) | 12.6 | 4.3 | 7 | 11.3 | (3.7) | Depreciation (M) | (34.9) | (30.4) | (25.1) | (23.9) | (22.1) | Tax (M) | (13.1) | (11.1) | (8.9) | (10.8) | (5.5) | Net profit (M) | 34.3 | 23.6 | 20.6 | 24.4 | 12.8 | EPS | 0.45 | 0.32 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.23 | Balance Sheet | | | | | | Equity Share Capital (M) | 152.4 | 136.4 | 111.5 | 103 | 76.5 | Retained Earnings (M) | 32.1 | 16.5 | 11.4 | 6.5 | 19.9 | Total Debt (M) | 76.2 | 78.4 | 63.4 | 34 | 69.8 | Total Assets (M) | 279.1 | 266.9 | 203.6 | 204.2 | 222.6 | Current Asset (M) | 64.9 | 53.1 | 59.8 | 53.5 | 58.6 | Fixed Asset (M) | 17.9 | 16.1 | 10.9 | 9.2 | 11 | Working Capital (M) | 11.3 | 3.6 | 18.8 | 9.5 | 18.3 | Cash Flow | | | | | | Operating Cash Flow (M) | 67.5 | 54.5 | 42 | 47.5 | 47.2 | Investing Cash Flow (M) | (10.5) | (26.1) | (6.8) | (2.9) | (4.2) | Financing Cash Flow (M) | (49.1) | (45.7) | (29.9) | (52.9) | (12) | Net Cash Flow (M) | 7.8 | (17.3) | 5.4 | (8.4) | 31 |
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